Wearing helmets could make cyclists more likely to take risks, new research from Bath University shows. According to their results, rather than making cyclists more safe, helmets could actually increase the wearer’s likelihood of taking risks.
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The scientists, led by Dr Tim Gamble and Dr Ian Walker, measured sensation-seeking behaviour and analysed risk taking in adults aged 17-56 using a computer-based simulation. The individuals in the study wore either a bicycle helmet or a baseball cap, which they were told was just there to support an eye-tracking device.
They were then tasked with inflating an on-screen animated balloon whilst wearing either the cap or the helmet and their tendency to keep on inflating the balloon was used to measure their level of risk taking.
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Dr Ian Walker says: “The helmet could make zero difference to the outcome, but people wearing one seemed to take more risks in what was essentially a gambling task. The practical implication of our findings might be to suggest more extreme unintended consequences of safety equipment in hazardous situations than has previously been thought.
“Replicated in real-life settings, this could mean that people using protective equipment might take risks against which that protective equipment cannot reasonably be expected to help.
“Several studies in the past have looked at so-called ‘risk compensation’, suggesting that people might drive differently when wearing seatbelts, or make more aggressive American football tackles when wearing helmets. But in all those cases, the safety device and the activity were directly linked – there’s a certain logic to sports people being more aggressive when wearing equipment that is specifically intended to make their sport safer. This is the first suggestion that a safety device might make people take risks in a totally different domain.”
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In their experiment, Dr Ian Walker and Dr Tim Gamble split participants into two groups: half wore a bicycle helmet and half wore baseball caps.
County Donegal on Ireland’s beautiful northwest coast will be home to a new Swimrun event, the first of its kind in Ireland, on 20 August.
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Organised by Breca Swimrun and named the Breca Árainn Mhór it will be taking place across the stunning Árainn Mhór Island and The Rosses.
Teams of two will take on the challenging 54km course across 45 legs, including 9km of open-water swims and 45km of trail running (split up as 22 swims and 23 runs) with an elevation gain of 470 metres. They will negotiate clifftops, open water, rolling sand dunes and have to work together to overcome tricky rock transitions.
Entries will be limited to just 100 teams and there are men’s, women’s and mixed categories.
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This is Breca’s second Swimrun event; the other one takes place in and around Buttermere in the Lake District in July.
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County Donegal on Ireland’s beautiful northwest coast will be home to a new Swimrun event, the first of its kind in Ireland, on 20 August.
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Organised by Breca Swimrun and named the Breca Árainn Mhór it will be taking place across the stunning Árainn Mhór Island and The Rosses.
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Teams of two will take on the challenging 54km course across 45 legs, including 9km of open-water swims and 45km of trail running (split up as 22 swims and 23 runs) with an elevation gain of 470 metres. They will negotiate clifftops, open water, rolling sand dunes and have to work together to overcome tricky rock transitions.
Entries will be limited to just 100 teams and there are men’s, women’s and mixed categories.
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This is Breca’s second Swimrun event; the other one takes place in and around Buttermere in the Lake District in July.
The new half-distance race will take place on the spectacular Caribbean island of Aruba.
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The 1.9km swim is a single lap course in the clear warm Caribbean sea, while the undulating 90km bike course is over four laps along the coastline. The run is entirely along the island’s stunning white beaches.
A sprint distance race will also be available for athletes with a 750m swim, followed by a 22.5km cycle and finally a 7km run.
“Racing in paradise is always a hard opportunity to turn down,” said Marcus Altmann, head of global operations for Challenge. “The convenience of getting to Aruba from the North American mainland makes this a perfect race to escape the autumn weather and get some sun before winter hits. A great way to close out the season.”
Post-race there will be the chance to celebrate with a lavish beach and pool award party at the Hyatt Resort.
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The inaugural Challenge Aruba will take place on 23 October 2016
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The new half-distance race will take place on the spectacular Caribbean island of Aruba.
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The 1.9km swim is a single lap course in the clear warm Caribbean sea, while the undulating 90km bike course is over four laps along the coastline. The run is entirely along the island’s stunning white beaches.
A sprint distance race will also be available for athletes with a 750m swim, followed by a 22.5km cycle and finally a 7km run.
“Racing in paradise is always a hard opportunity to turn down,” said Marcus Altmann, head of global operations for Challenge. “The convenience of getting to Aruba from the North American mainland makes this a perfect race to escape the autumn weather and get some sun before winter hits. A great way to close out the season.”
Post-race there will be the chance to celebrate with a lavish beach and pool award party at the Hyatt Resort.
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The inaugural Challenge Aruba will take place on 23 October 2016
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As the name suggests, expect to get very muddy and messy at the third and final event in Human Race’s popular off-road series.
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Taking place in March on Army military training ground, the Mudman duathlon, “won’t trouble your PB collection but is guaranteed to give you an adrenalin-fuelled ride,” claim the organisers.
1 Nutrition
I always like to have a hearty meal the night before, something like a casserole or bangers and mash. I go for porridge with honey on race morning and try to arrive early to enjoy a coffee on site with a banana or energy bar about 1.5hrs before the start.
2 Kit
Dress in your race wear underneath your casuals, so there’s no chance of nudity at the race venue! Wear gloves for the whole race. I say this because when running your hands are warm but when cycling they’re not, and they’ll help when putting your run shoes on in T2. I’d also recommend using two pairs of off-road shoes – I use Inov8 RocLite and Talons. The first may get wet on the first run and slung anywhere in T1 when you swap to the bike shoes. If it’s really cold then put a gilet on in T2 for the bike. Stay hydrated by sipping on some hydration tabs until 30mins to go.
3 First run
The race always goes off fast but don’t be fooled, it funnels within a few hundred feet and soon enough you’re running single file. Create a bit of space between you and the person in front to help you plot where your foot falls. The Mudman’s first run is made up of steady climbs, and is quite open in places with a fast finish to T1. Aim to take nutrition on board when the ground is flat or else you might lose control. I take a bottle of water on my bike and energy bars or gels in my pockets for the whole race.
4 Transition
In T1 I always put my bike shoes on before running to the mount line, which actually doesn’t make my socks any more wet. I also carry any gels/bars in my jersey pocket so I don’t have to fumble with them in transition. Less faff = less likely to forget something. Keep it simple.
5 Bike
A two-lap course made up of a few, very short, steep hills, some sharp corners at the bottom and the rest steady. Take the steep downhills carefully unless you’ve ridden them before or are confident in your bike handling. It’s a great loop that can usually be improved on lap two. I’d usually run my tyres at about 28psi but I run tubeless on a 29er, so adjust yours accordingly.
6 Second run
This is a tough run! Within a few hundred meters of T2 you’re running up the firing range’s sandbanks, which are worse than any staircase! Shortly after that there’s a ‘water feature’ – if you fancy a challenge then run straight through it. It’s about knee deep. After this, keep your head up and look for the run signs, as the course twists and turns on the climbs followed by some fast descents. When you can see the car park, there’s still have about 750m to run, so dig deep and finish strong.
The Mudman race breakdown
Location: Camberley, Surrey
Distance: 7.5km run, 15km bike, 7.5km run
Highest elevation on the run: 470 feet
Highest elevation on the bike: 410 feet
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OAKLAND, Calif. — Athletics left-hander Jesús Luzardo will be off the mound for a while — and maybe off video games, too.
Luzardo is out indefinitely after breaking the pinkie finger on his pitching hand when he thumped a table while playing a video game before his start Saturday.
An X-ray after a loss to Baltimore showed a hairline fracture and Luzardo was put on the 10-day injured list Sunday.
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Oakland manager Bob Melvin said he didn’t know an immediate timeline for how much time Luzardo would miss or whether he would require a cast or splint on the finger. Melvin was hopeful the pitcher could still keep his arm in shape given the location of the break.
“Before the game he was playing a video game and accidentally bumped his hand on the desk as he was playing the game,” Melvin said. “He came in, was a little bit sore, training staff checked him out, we threw him in the cage before he went out there, watched him warm up. He was comfortable pitching, the training staff was comfortable with him pitching. After the game we got an X-ray and there was a hairline in the pinkie finger.”
Luzardo wound up pitching three innings and took the loss in the 8-4 defeat to the Orioles, allowing six runs — three earned — on five hits.
He is 1-3 with a 5.79 ERA over six starts this season.
“It just depends on how it heals and how it responds,” Melvin said. “As you would expect it was a little bit worse today, a little bit puffier today but really have no idea on a timetable yet.”
The A’s also placed right-hander J.B. Wendelken on the injured list with a strained left oblique, recalling right-hander Jordan Weems from their alternate training site to take his roster spot.
Left-hander Adam Kolarek was called up from the alternate site to take Luzardo’s place.
It wasn’t all that long ago that Giancarlo Stanton was booed mercilessly at Yankee Stadium. The giant Bombers slugger has been a lightning rod for criticism because of his recent history of injuries and tendency to strike out. The last two nights, however, Stanton’s bat has been about the only thing that silenced the boos.
Stanton delivered another three-hit night, including his eighth homer of the season, as the Yankees beat the Astros 6-3. They clinched the series against a Houston team that is being harassed nonstop in the Bronx because of its cheating scandal.
Aaron Hicks had two hits, including the go-ahead RBI-double in the eighth, his first go-ahead or game-tying RBI in the eighth or later since July 23, 2019 at Minnesota. Jordan Montgomery got hit around in the fourth inning, but retired the last seven batters he faced for his second quality start of the season.
And Stanton continued to rip the cover off the ball, delighting a crowd of 9,895 that came to see the Yankees win, but also to express their anger and disgust with the Astros players, who admitted cheating during the 2017 season in a report released by MLB right before the pandemic shut down the game.
Wednesday night, those fans got to ride Jose Altuve, Alex Bregman and Carlos Correa, and cheer Stanton in his role of new-found Yankee favorite.
“That’s huge,” Stanton said of having the crowds in the Bronx behind him and the Yankees rather than booing him. “That fires us up and gives it that extra boost. It’s great.”
Stanton’s three hits and four RBI gave the Yankees (16-14) the boost they needed Wednesday night. They won their season-high fifth straight game and have now clinched their fourth series of the year. The Bombers go for their second sweep of the season Thursday afternoon with ace Gerrit Cole on the mound.
Their recent success, turning around a slow start to the season, can be attributed to their starting pitching getting in gear and their outstanding bullpen. They can also credit Stanton, who has an 11-game hitting streak going. Wednesday marked his sixth multi-hit game in his last seven games and his fifth three-hit game in his last six.
Since April 23, Stanton is hitting .500 with five home runs and 10 RBI.
It is the third longest hitting streak of his career.
“I haven’t thrown down in three straight games like this before. I feel great,” Stanton said. “I can’t tell you if it’s the best ever or what have you, but I’m just glad I’m here and got to work to keep it going.”
His second-inning two-run homer not only gave the Yankees a lead, but it extended his hitting streak to 11 games, dating back to April 23. In that span, Stanton has raised his batting average from .158 to .314. He’s hit .500 with five homers and 10 RBI during the streak.
His fifth inning double scored Brett Gardner, tying the game at 3-3 and his eighth-inning single gave the Yankees an insurance run.
“I’d say I’m doing a great job on mistakes,” Stanton explained. “A pitcher makes a mistake in the middle of the plate, I’m doing some damage on it and, and that’s our job. That’s my job and some stretches you do better than others, but I’m in a pretty good one right now.”
That run is powering the Yankees, whose offense was among the worst in baseball during most of April. They finally climbed out of the hole they dug early in the season and Aaron Boone thinks they are turning the corner.
“Feel like defensively we’ve really tightened up and are playing really well. The starting pitching has been there for us … the bullpen continued to do its thing really all year long. And now the offense over the last couple of weeks, even though we still feel like we haven’t totally broke out yet,” the Yankees manager said.
“We’re having really good at-bats, really competitive at-bats against a good pitching staff over there the last two nights. We were able to get seven (Tuesday night) and get six tonight. … it’s just just been a much better brand of baseball. It’s the way we’re capable of playing.”
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As the name suggests, expect to get very muddy and messy at the third and final event in Human Race’s popular off-road series.
Advertisement
Taking place in March on Army military training ground, the Mudman duathlon, “won’t trouble your PB collection but is guaranteed to give you an adrenalin-fuelled ride,” claim the organisers.
1 Nutrition
I always like to have a hearty meal the night before, something like a casserole or bangers and mash. I go for porridge with honey on race morning and try to arrive early to enjoy a coffee on site with a banana or energy bar about 1.5hrs before the start.
2 Kit
Dress in your race wear underneath your casuals, so there’s no chance of nudity at the race venue! Wear gloves for the whole race. I say this because when running your hands are warm but when cycling they’re not, and they’ll help when putting your run shoes on in T2. I’d also recommend using two pairs of off-road shoes – I use Inov8 RocLite and Talons. The first may get wet on the first run and slung anywhere in T1 when you swap to the bike shoes. If it’s really cold then put a gilet on in T2 for the bike. Stay hydrated by sipping on some hydration tabs until 30mins to go.
3 First run
The race always goes off fast but don’t be fooled, it funnels within a few hundred feet and soon enough you’re running single file. Create a bit of space between you and the person in front to help you plot where your foot falls. The Mudman’s first run is made up of steady climbs, and is quite open in places with a fast finish to T1. Aim to take nutrition on board when the ground is flat or else you might lose control. I take a bottle of water on my bike and energy bars or gels in my pockets for the whole race.
4 Transition
In T1 I always put my bike shoes on before running to the mount line, which actually doesn’t make my socks any more wet. I also carry any gels/bars in my jersey pocket so I don’t have to fumble with them in transition. Less faff = less likely to forget something. Keep it simple.
5 Bike
A two-lap course made up of a few, very short, steep hills, some sharp corners at the bottom and the rest steady. Take the steep downhills carefully unless you’ve ridden them before or are confident in your bike handling. It’s a great loop that can usually be improved on lap two. I’d usually run my tyres at about 28psi but I run tubeless on a 29er, so adjust yours accordingly.
6 Second run
This is a tough run! Within a few hundred meters of T2 you’re running up the firing range’s sandbanks, which are worse than any staircase! Shortly after that there’s a ‘water feature’ – if you fancy a challenge then run straight through it. It’s about knee deep. After this, keep your head up and look for the run signs, as the course twists and turns on the climbs followed by some fast descents. When you can see the car park, there’s still have about 750m to run, so dig deep and finish strong.
The Mudman race breakdown
Location: Camberley, Surrey
Distance: 7.5km run, 15km bike, 7.5km run
Highest elevation on the run: 470 feet
Highest elevation on the bike: 410 feet
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Like this? Then check out
Race Tips: Clumber Park Duathlon
Ironman Wales race tips
Race Tips: Challenge Weymouth
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Windsor Triathlon – race tips
1) A meta-analysis of nine studies revealed that cold-water immersion is more effective at reducing muscle soreness than passive recovery (where you exercise at a low intensity to flush out exercise-induced toxins). The therapy is said to constrict blood vessels, helping to reduce swelling and tissue breakdown. Prof Aryane Machado and his team also concluded that water temperature between 11°C and 15°C is optimum for 11-15mins. But be warned: some say reducing soreness is a sign the muscle isn’t adapting effectively to the workout.
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2) The last 40 years has seen an explosion in running. But a review by biomechanics expert Benno Nigg shows that, despite purported advancements in run-shoe technology, injury rates haven’t dropped. Nigg suggested not choosing run shoes based on gait analysis, such as pronation and impact forces (whether you land on your heel or ball of your foot). Instead, he observed that your body naturally runs to its ‘preferred movement path’, whatever shoes you’re wearing, which their research showed was usually the most comfortable pair.
3) Rotator cuff strain, patellar tendonitis, shin splints… even the strongest triathlete can suffer multisport injuries. Rest, recuperation and, according to Prof Kevin Tipton of Stirling University, a change in nutrition strategy helps recovery. A long spell off can reduce muscle mass so Tipton suggests eating more protein (2-2.5g/kg/day). Creatine, used by bodybuilders, can also stave off muscular reductions, while there’s a case for upping omega-3 intakes, too. The fatty acid reduces inflammation, though Tipton says swelling aids healing.
4) Looking to lose weight after the Christmas binge? Turn to skimmed milk. Dr Penny Rumbold of Northumbria University had nine female recreational exercisers drink either 600ml of skimmed milk or 600ml of orange juice after 30mins of exercise followed by a pasta dish 60mins later. The milk group consumed 25% less calories than the orange group, proposing that the higher-protein drink satiated appetite more than the vitamin-C-rich juice. It’s down to elevated levels of the hormones cholecystokinin and glucagon-like peptide-1, used in insulin control.
5) The past few years have seen a rise in athletes basing their training on heart-rate variability (HRV), most notably via the Omegawave training tool. HRV gives information about the status of the cardiac-autonomic nervous system, the strength and balance of which conveys how resilient an athlete will be.
A recent study from Scandinavia aimed to determine whether HRV values can accurately provide information about subsequent exercise intensity and volume. Thirty-seven endurance athletes were split into two groups. One followed a high-volume eight-week programme, the other high-intensity for eight weeks. Before and after the eight-week plan, subjects undertook a treadmill test to measure running speed.
The results proved interesting. Subjects with low baseline HRV readings didn’t respond well to high-intensity training but did in the high-volume group. Vice versa, a high baseline HRV resulted in significant improvements in subjects undertaking high-intensity exercise but not in the high-volume group. Researchers concluded that measuring HRV when you rise is a good way to determine the intensity and volume of your training that day.
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References: 1. Sports Medicine, 2015 Nov, Epub ahead of print; 2. Brit J Sports Med, 2015, volume 49, pages 1,290-1,294; 3. Sports Med, 2015 Nov, Epub ahead of print; 4. Nutrients, 2015 Jan, volume 7, pages 293-305 5 Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports (Impact Factor: 2.9). 08/2015; DOI: 10.1111/sms.12530
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